
Prioritní akcie
prioritní akcie - A class of stock that generally benefits from a stipulated periodic dividend and priority in liquidation; but, usually lacking in upside pa......
prioritní akcie - A class of stock that generally benefits from a stipulated periodic dividend and priority in liquidation; but, usually lacking in upside pa......
provozní cyklus - The period of time it takes to convert cash back into cash (i.e., purchase inventory, sell the inventory on account, and collect the receiv......
průběžný systém zásob - A "real-time" inventory system that updates inventory records with each purchase and sale
předkupní právo - A right that may or may not be provided to shareholders enabling them with a first right of refusal to buy any additional shares offered b......
předpoklad peněžní jednotky - Accounting measures transactions and events in units of money, in contrast to some other unit of measure (e.g., acres of land)
předpoklad periodicity - An accounting assumption that purports to divide a continuous business process into measurement intervals, such as months, quarters,......
příjemce platby - The party to whom a note is made payable
přirozený hospodářský rok - Applicable to certain businesses that have a seasonal business pattern, and an attempt is made to establish an accounting fiscal yea...
řízení podle výjimek - A management focus of attention on areas where corrective measures appear necessary
slevy z nákupu - A cash discount available on purchases of merchandise on account; encourages prompt payment
směnky k inkasu - A written promise from a client or customer to pay a definite amount of money on a specific future date
směnky k úhradě - Formal short-term borrowings usually evidenced by a specific written promise to pay
současná hodnota - Also known as discounting; determines the current worth of cash to be received in the future
NSF check - Non-sufficient funds check; a customer check returned for lack of funds (a "hot check")
vklady vlastníků - Resources provided to an organization by a person in exchange for a position of ownership in the organization
výstavce - The party creating the note and agreeing to make payment
významnost - A matter of accounting judgment; when amounts involved are slight, expediency may dictate waiving the technically correct alternative in lieu o...
založený na zásadách - The idea that accounting standards should articulate broad-based principles rather than specific and detailed rules
zaúčtování - The process of transferring journal entry effects into the respective general ledger accounts
aktivita udržující entitu - Activities that relate to an entity's ability to operate; independent of business volume
amortizace efektivní úrokovou sazbou - A theoretically preferable method for amortizing premiums and discounts on bonds; interest expense is a constant percenta...
Balíčky podnikových zdrojů - (ERP) Comprehensive database software that tracks an almost endless array of business and accounting data
budoucí hodnota - Or "compound interest;" amount that a current payment (or stream of payments) will grow in time; includes interest on previous interest based ...
dashboard - Customized business software that delivers key real time business data in an easily monitored layout
databáze - An information storehouse, usually electronic, that can be queried to extract data meeting certain parameters. Enables singular data entry and mul......
debetní karta - Transactions are equivalent to an electronically generated check that results in an almost immediate withdrawal of funds.
debetní oznámení - A purchaser-prepared document evidencing a return of merchandise to a seller
decentralizované rozhodování - A business style where top leaders concentrates on strategy, and leaves day-to-day operation and decision-making tasks to low......
deník - A chronological listing of the transactions and events of an organization, in debit/credit format
deriváty - Investments accounted for a fair value that generally derive their value from some other item; examples include commodity futures, options, and...
diskont z dluhopisů - The difference between face value and issue price of a bond, where the issue price is less; causes the effective yield to be higher than ....
dividendová sazba - Dividend per share divided by stock price; also called dividend yield
dividendy - Amounts paid from profits of a corporation to shareholders as a return on their investment in the stock of the entity
dividendy v prodlení - An omitted dividend on cumulative preferred stock that must eventually be paid before any monies can be distributed to common stockhol......
dlouhodobé závazky - Any obligation that is not current, and include bank loans, mortgage notes, and the like
dlouhodobý finanční majetek - Investments made for long-term holding purposes; including land for speculation, securities of other companies, etc.
dvojnásobně zrychlené odepisování - An accelerated depreciation method by which a constant rate (that is 200% of the straight-line rate) is multiplied by......
ekvivalentní jednotky - A measure of physical units expressed in terms of finished units
ex-dividenda - The event (date) when a transfer of stock ownership between shareholders will occur without the right for the purchaser to receive any previous.....
F.O.B. shipping point - Free on Board shipping point; meaning the transfer of ownership of inventory will occur when the goods are shipped and the purchaser ...
F.O.B. destination - Free on Board destination; meaning the transfer of ownership of inventory will occur when the goods reach their destination and the sell...
fakturační cena - List price less any trade discounts
finanční činnost - A cash flow category; including receipts from stock issues, bonds, notes and loans, -- and payments for loan repayment, acquisitions o...
finanční leasing - A lease that effectively transfers the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee
finanční účetnictví - An area of accounting that deals with external reporting to parties outside the firm; usually based on standardized rules and procedures...
GAAP - Generally accepted accounting principles -- encompass the rules, practices, and procedures that define the proper execution of accounting
hospodářský rok - A one-year accounting period that does not correspond to a calendar year
hrubá metoda - A method of recording purchases of inventory at invoice price
ideální normy - A standard that could only be achieved under perfect operating conditions; such standards are rarely expected to be achieved
Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) - (IMA) a professional association for management accountants that sponsors the CMA and CFM designations
International Accounting Standards Board - An organization charged with producing accounting standards with global acceptance
interní auditor - A person within an organization who reviews and monitors the controls, procedures, and information of the organization
Kaizen - Japanese term used to describe a blitz like approach to study processes and install efficiency within an organization
Kanban - Japanese term which means some form of signal that a particular inventory is ready for replenishment
katalogová cena - An established price determined by reference to a catalog or general price list; before any discounts
likvidita - The ability of a firm to meet its near-term obligations as they come due
metoda degresivního odepisování - An accelerated depreciation method by which a constant rate (that is a multiple of the straight-line rate) is multipl...
metoda přímého odpisu - A simple, non-GAAP, method that expenses uncollectible accounts only as they are determined to be uncollectible and are written off
Mezinárodní standardy účetního výkaznictví (IFRS) - The specific accounting rules developed by the International Accounting Standards Board
neuhrazení směnky - To fail to pay a note at maturity
nezajištěný dluhopis - A bond that lacks specific collateral; payment is only assured by the general faith and creditworthiness of the issuer
nezávislý dodavatel - One who performs a designated task or service for a company, and the company has the right to control or direct only the result of t...
odchylka efektivnosti přímých mezd - A variance comparing standard hours of direct labor to the actual hours worked; measured at the standard rate per hour [(s....
odchylka sazby přímých mezd - A variance that reveals the difference between the standard rate and actual rate for the actual labor hours worked [(standard ra.....
plán definovaných příspěvků - A type of pension plan where the benefits are based on amounts in trust for the benefit of the employee; employer contributions a....
podíl vyplacených dividend - Dividend per share divided by earnings per share
primární veřejná nabídka - The first time stock in a corporation is offered to the investing public; registration and other requirements must be met; proceeds.....
předpoklad trvání podniku - In the absence of evidence to the contrary, accountants assume that a business will continue to operate well into the future
předpoklad účetní jednotky - Accounting information should be presented for circumscribed distinct economic units
přímé mzdy - Gross wages paid to those who physically and directly work on the goods being produced
spekulativní dluhopis - A bond that is issued by a company of low credit worthiness, and entails substantial risk of nonpayment; generally offers a high interes...
štíhlá výroba - Indicative of an environment where waste has been trimmed; entails a focus on standardization, speed, and quality, without compromising ...
účetní jednotka, do které se investuje - The company in which another has an investment
účtování do deníku - The process of recording transactions and events into the journal
účtování v reálné hodnotě - Sometimes called "mark-to-market;" to record an investment at its fair value and recognize changes in value as they occur
úrok - The charge imposed on the borrower of funds for the use of money
úspory z rozsahu - Efficiencies associated with increases in volume
věrné zobrazení - A fundamental quality of accounting such that information must be truthful; complete, neutral, and free from error
vklady na cestě - Receipts entered on company records but not yet posted by the bank
vnitřní výnosové procento - Also known as time-adjusted rate of return or IRR; discount rate causing present value of cash inflows to equal present value of th....
základní kapitál - Usually the par value of the stock of a corporation
zaměstnanec - A person who works for a specific business and whose activities are directed by that business
zásoby - Goods held for resale to others
závazky - Amounts owed by an entity to others
zboží na cestě - Goods in the process of being transported to the buyer; ownership is based on freight terms
zboží určené k prodeji - A calculated amount corresponding to the beginning inventory plus net purchases; represents the total pool of inventory available ......
diluted EPS - An earnings per share number; adjusted to reflect the potential effect of dilutive securities
zřeďující cenné papíry - Options, warrants, convertible bonds, convertible stocks, and other items that have the potential to increase the number of shares outs...
aktivita na úrovni zákazníka - Activities that relate to each customer; independent of the volume of goods and services provided to the specific customer
dobropisné oznámení - A seller-prepared document evidencing an approved return of merchandise for credit against an account
kontrolní účet - The total of all subcomponent account records for an account; e.g., the sum of all individual accounts receivable
konvertibilní dluhopis - A bond that may be converted by the holder into stock of the issuing company
konvertibilní prioritní akcie - Preferred stock that can be exchanged for common stock at some preagreed ratio
korporace - A form of business organization where ownership is represented by divisible units called shares of stock
krátkodobé závazky - Obligations that will be liquidated within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer
kumulativní prioritní akcie - Preferred stock that is entitled to a periodic dividend, and those dividends must be paid (eventually) before any monies can be di...
kupónový dluhopis - A bond that has detachable coupons that are exchanged for interest payments; historically popular but falling into disuse
protiúčet aktiv - An account that is subtracted from a related account -- contra accounts have opposite debit/credit rules
centralizované rozhodování - A business style where top leaders make and direct most important decisions
Certified Management Accountant (CMA) - (CMA) a professional designation of competency in the field of management accounting that is issued by the Institute of ...