Glossaries
Featured terms
Aandeelhouders
Owners of a limited liability company.
Aandelenbewijs
A document providing evidence of share ownership.
Aandelenkapitaal
Name given to the total amount of cash which the shareholders have contributed to the company.
Accountants
Professional accountants who check the books of account, ask for explanations from the directors and examine the report and accounts, verifying that they give 'a true and fair view' of the transactions.
A
Aangepaste proefbalans
A trial balance prepared after adjusting entries have been prepared and posted to the ledger
Aanpassingsproces
To analyze account balances and update them at the end of an accounting period to reflect the correct measure of revenues and expenses
Accountants
Professional accountants who check the books of account, ask for explanations from the directors and examine the report and accounts, verifying that they give 'a true and fair view' of the transactions.
Accountantscontrole
An official inspection of a company's accounts.
Accountantscontrole
The examination of transactions and systems that underlie an organization's financial statements with the goal or reporting thereon
Accounting Principles Board (APB)
The private sector group charged with developing accounting standards from 1959 to 1973; primary authoritative pronouncements were known as "opinions"
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC)
Research tool deemed to be the primary authoritative source and reference guide on accounting standards
Accounting Standards Update (ASU)
The official notification issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of a new or modified accounting rule
Activa
The economic resources owned by an entity; entailing probable future benefits to the entity
Activiteit
An event that gives rise to the consumption of resources
Activiteit Gebaseerde Kostenberekening
Alternative costing method for strategic management; divides production into activities, defines costs for activities, and allocates costs to objec...
Activiteitenveroorzaker
Event that causes consumption of an activity
Activiteitsgerichte kostenberekening
(ABC) A costing system for situations where overhead is high and/or a variety of products are produced; costs are traced to activities and then act...
Activiteitskostengroep
The costs assigned to a particular activity
Afschrijving
Process similar to depreciation, usually applied to intangible fixed assets.
Afschrijving
The process used to allocate the cost of an intangible asset to the accounting periods benefited
Algemene Jaarvergadering
A meeting of the members (shareholders) of a company at which the board of directors lay the company's accounts and report for shareholders' approval. Other business is also conducted such as election of directors, auditors remuneration, etc.
Alomvattende benadering
A concept of income by which virtually all nonequity-based transactions and events are captured and reported in the income statement; the preferred...
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
(AICPA) an organization whose members are CPAs interested in advancing the accounting profession
Annuïteit
Level streams of payments; with each payment being the same, and occurring at a regular interval
Annuïteiten
Streams of level (i.e., the same amount each period) payments occurring on regular intervals
API (Application Programming Interface)
A set of protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other
Boekhoudcyclus
The procedures needed to process transactions through an accounting system; including journalization, posting, adjusting, and preparing financial s...
Boekhouding
A set of concepts and techniques that are used to measure and report financial information about an economic unit
Boekhoudkundige rentabiliteit
A project evaluation tool that focuses on accounting income rather than cash flows; average annual increase in income by the amount of initial inve...
Boekhoudkundige vergelijking
A financial relationship at the heart of the accounting model: Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity
Boekhoudkundige wijzigingen
Changes from one acceptable method of accounting to another acceptable method; like straight-line depreciation to a declining balance approach
Crediteuren
Amounts due for payment to suppliers of goods or services, also described as trade creditors.
Debiteuren
Amounts due from customers, also described as a trade debtors.
Geamortiseerde kostprijs methode
The approach mandated for held-to-maturity securities; investments are reported at their cost with any premium or discount amortized over the life ...
Haalbare standaarden
A standard that takes into account normal spoilage and inefficiency; intended to allow workers to reach the established benchmarks
Integrale kostprijsberekening
Also known as full costing -- a costing method where inventory absorbs direct costs and variable and fixed factory overhead
Jaarlijks Equivalent Tarief (AER)
An interest rate reflecting what you'll actually pay, or earn, on your money after the effects of compounding are taken into account in order to normalize the interest rate.
Jaarlijks Kostenpercentage (JKP)
The rate of interest you agree to pay on money borrowed, and a useful way to compare how much interest you would pay on loans from different providers. The higher the APR, the more you will pay.
Jaarrekening
Also known as financial, company or statutory accounts. Businesses must produce an annual set of accounts detailing business finances.
Jaarverslag en jaarrekening
Most organisations are required to produce an annual report on their activities and enclose the accounts of the company's performance over the past year.
Kunstmatige Intelligentie (AI)
Computer systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence
Methode voor voorziening oninbare vorderingen
A method that estimates uncollectibles as a portion of total receivables and establishes an offsetting contra allowance account
Nog te betalen kosten
Unpaid expenses that have already been incurred
Nog te ontvangen opbrengsten
Revenues that have been earned and recorded, but are not as yet collected
Ouderdomsanalyse debiteuren
Analysis used to estimate the uncollectible accounts; involves stratification of receivables based upon age
Overlopende post
Expenses and revenues that gradually accumulate throughout an accounting period
Rekening
A record that is kept for each asset, liability, equity, revenue, expense, and dividend component of an entity
Rekeningen
Financial statements prepared at the end of a period to reflect the profit of loss or the period and financial position at the end of the period.
Statuten
Document setting out the relative rights of shareholders in a limited liability company.
Transactiegrondslag
The effects of transactions and other events are recognised when they occur (and not as cash or its equivalent is received or paid) and they are recorded in the accounting records and reported in the financial statements of the periods to which they relate (see also matching).
Transactiegrondslag
The accounting process whereby revenues are measured and recorded as earned, while expenses are recorded as incurred
Verslagperiode
The time frame used for financial reporting, normally months, quarters or years.
Versnelde afschrijvingsmethoden
Several alternative depreciation approaches that result in relatively more depreciation in early years of use, and smaller amounts during later years
Voor verkoop beschikbare financiële activa
Investments in debt that are neither "held-to-maturity" or "trading;" a default category that is accounted for at fair value with changes in value ...
Vooraf betaalbare annuïteit
Also known as an annuity in advance; involves a level stream of payments, with the payments being made at the beginning of each time period
B
Balanced Scorecard
A set of performance measures that are congruent with assessing improvement in financial, customer, and business process outcomes
Balans
A financial statement that presents a firm's assets, liabilities, and owners' equity at a particular point in time
Bankafschrift
The document received from a bank which summarizes deposits and other credits, and checks and other debits to a bank account
Bankafstemming
A control procedure to establish and verify the correct cash balance via identification of errors, irregularities, and adjustments
Bankrentevoet
In the UK it is set by the Bank of England, to control the money supply and inflation. Banks usually lend at anything from 2 per cent above bankrentevoet and upward, and pay 2 to 3 per cent below bankrentevoet on any deposits you have at the bank.
Basis winst per aandeel
The simplest earnings per share number; earnings available to common shares divided by weighted average shares, without factoring in potential dilu...
Basisrente
Set by the Bank of England, this is the country's base rate of interest and influences the rate of interest on financial products and services.
Batchniveau-activiteit
Activities that relate to each batch of production; independent of the number of units within that batch
Begroting
A planning tool that outlines the financial plans for an organization; there are various types of begrotings -- operating, capital, and financial
Begrotingscommissie
A group of senior managers from each business unit charged with leading the budget preparation and review process
Benchmarking
Measuring products or processes against industry standards, an essential part of total quality management
Big Data
Electronically warehoused information, capable of being mined and analyzed, containing the “who, what, when, where, and why” of all business activity
Bijbetaling
Term used to describe additional monetary consideration that may accompany an exchange transaction
Boekwaarde
Cost minus accumulated depreciation; the net amount at which an asset is reported on the balance sheet
Boekwaarde per aandeel
Common stockholders' equity divided by common shares outstanding, to indicate stockholders' equity per share
Bootstrapping
Building a company without external investment, often relying on personal savings and running with the lowest possible operating costs
Bottom-up participatieve begroting
A budget approach driven by the direct participation of lower-level employees
Break-evenpunt
The level of activity where revenues equal total expenses, producing a zero net income; also the point where the contribution margin is said to cov...
Budgetspeling
The influence of behavior to "pad" a budget via misstating expected revenues and/or expenses; to create more favorable budget vs. actual performanc...
Business to Business (B2B)
(B2B) A system that enables data interchange between companies; sometimes sufficiently robust to permit automatic inventory replenishment, etc.
Obligatie
A form of IOU issued by the company, or a government or other institution, offering to pay interest in return for borrowing your money, or to pay you little or no interest but instead issue the obligaties at a discount but pay you back in full sometime in the future, or to pay you back at some time in the future in a way that is financially interesting to you now.
Obligatieschulden
An obligation divided into transferable units requiring the issuer to make periodic interest payments and an eventual repayment of the face amount
Oninbare vordering
The amount owed by a customer who cannot, or will not, pay for goods or services they have had.
Raad van bestuur
A group of people to whom the shareholders have delegated the task of running the day-to-day affairs of the company. They normally define the direction of the company and thus should have a dramatic influence on its performance. They are supposed to act in the best interest of the shareholders.
Verbetering
Expenditures that improve or increase the service potential of an asset even beyond its original new condition; such costs may be capitalized by in...
C
Aandelenkapitaal
A non-specific reference to the ownership interests of shareholders in a corporation
Aflosbaar preferent aandeel
Preferred stock that can be repurchased by issuer for a preset price
Aflosbare obligatie
A bond that provides the issuer an option to reacquire the bonds before scheduled maturity at a preset price
Afsluitingsproces
The process by which temporary accounts are "zeroed" out and the effects transferred to retained earnings
Betaald verlof
Term to describe paid time off; vacations, sick leave, etc.
Capaciteitsbenutting
The degree to which an organization's output capabilities are being deployed or utilized
Certified Financial Manager (CFM)
(CFM) a professional designation of competency in the field of financial management that is issued by the Institute of Management Accountants
Certified Management Accountant (CMA)
(CMA) a professional designation of competency in the field of management accounting that is issued by the Institute of Management Accountants
Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
An individual who is licensed by a state to practice public accounting
Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA)
(CGMA) sponsors a designation that distinguishes professionals who have advanced proficiency in finance, operations, strategy and management
Commerciële inhoud
The quality of an exchange transaction such that it changes the future cash flow potential of the entity
Compenserend saldo
An amount that must be left on deposit and cannot be withdrawn
Complexe kapitaalstructuur
Companies with options, warrants, or convertible bonds and stocks that may result in the issuance of additional shares
Consignatie
To place inventory in the custody of another party without requiring them to purchase it, as a sales agent
Consistentie
An enhancing quality of accounting such that deviations in outcomes from period to period should be the result of deviations in underlying performa...
Consolidatie
To prepare financial reports for a parent and subsidiary company as a single economic unit
Contantkorting
A reduction in invoice price offered to customers to encourage prompt payment of invoices
Controlerekening
The total of all subcomponent account records for an account; e.g., the sum of all individual accounts receivable
Controller
The primary person responsible for the cost and managerial accounting functions
Conversiekosten
Cost components needed to change raw materials to finished goods, specifically direct labor and manufacturing overhead
Converteerbaar preferent aandeel
Preferred stock that can be exchanged for common stock at some preagreed ratio
Converteerbare obligatie
A bond that may be converted by the holder into stock of the issuing company
Couponobligatie
A bond that has detachable coupons that are exchanged for interest payments; historically popular but falling into disuse
CPA
An individual who is licensed by a state to practice public accounting
Credit
The nature of an action to an account to indicate an increase (liabilities, equity, and revenue) or decrease (assets, expenses, and dividends); usu...
Crediteur
A person or firm that has lent your business money or to whom you owe money.
Crediteuren
Suppliers to whom we owe money.
Creditnota
A document summarising the reduction in charge on an invoice (bill), usually because the customer has returned defective goods or has received inadequate service.
Creditnota
A seller-prepared document evidencing an approved return of merchandise for credit against an account
Cumulatief preferent aandeel
Preferred stock that is entitled to a periodic dividend, and those dividends must be paid (eventually) before any monies can be distributed to comm...
Current ratio
A measure of liquidity, calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities
Dekkingsbijdrage
Revenues minus all variable expenses, whether related to production or selling and administration (not to be confused with gross profit)
Doorlopende begroting
A budget that is constantly updated; as one month/quarter is completed another is added to the set the projections
Gecentraliseerde besluitvorming
A business style where top leaders make and direct most important decisions
Geïnvesteerd vermogen
Sometimes called total assets less current liabilities or total shareholders' funds plus long-term finance (the two calculations provide the same result). It is a measure of how much value is placed in the hands of the management of the company, hence ROCE (return on capital employed) is a key reaction in the control of performance.
Gemeenschappelijke vaste kosten
Fixed costs that are incurred to support more than one business unit
Gewone aandelen
The residual equity interest in a corporation; last in liquidation but usually receiving the full benefits of any corporate growth
Huidige operationele aanpak
A concept of income where income is limited to transactions related to central ongoing operations; not an acceptable approach for income theory
Investeringsbeslissing
Also known as capital budgeting; planning and decision making related to longer term projects and expenditures
Investeringsuitgave
Spending on non-current (fixed) assets of a business.
Investeringsuitgaven
Ordinary and necessary costs incurred to place an item of property, plant, or equipment in its condition for intended use; such amounts are include...
Investeringsuitgaven (CAPEX)
Funds used by the company to buy, maintain or improve its fixed assets such as buildings, vehicles, equipment, or land.
Kapitaal
Anything invested into a company that has a tangible value or benefit to its own, such as a machinery, patents, or financial assets like cash.
Kasbegroting
An essential budget component detailing planned cash receipts, disbursements, and financing actions
Kasequivalenten
Short-term interest-earning financial instruments that are deemed to be highly secure and will convert back into cash within 90 days
Kasgrondslagen
An accounting approach where revenue is recorded when cash is received (no matter when "earned"), and expenses are recognized when paid (no matter ...
Kasstroom
The movement of money into and out of a business over a specific period
Kasstroomprojecties
Statements of cash expected to flow into and out of a business over a particular period.
Klantniveau-activiteit
Activities that relate to each customer; independent of the volume of goods and services provided to the specific customer
Kortlopende schuld
A liability which is expected to be settled in the entity's normal operating cycle, generally within 12 months after the balance sheet date.
Kortlopende schulden
Obligations that will be liquidated within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer
Kosten-volume-winstanalyse
(CVP) Analysis focusing on the interplay of pricing, volume, variable and fixed costs, and product mix
Kostendrager
The output for which costing information is to be determined under ABC; can be product or service related, or customer, market, etc.
Kostendrijver
The factor that is viewed as causing costs to be incurred within an organization
Kostenplaats
An area of responsibility under the control of a manager who is responsible for costs incurred within the unit; the unit generally has little reven...
Kostenstroomveronderstelling
An assumption about how costs are assigned to inventory in the accounting records
Kostgedreven inflatie
Cost-push inflation occurs when production input costs, such as wages and raw materials, rise and producers pass the increased costs on to consumers through price rises.
Kostprijs van de omzet
The total cost attributed to units of inventory actually sold during a period
Kostprijs van vervaardigde goederen
The amount of cost attributable to goods reaching the end of production; beginning work in process (wip) + (direct materials, direct labor, manufac...
Kostprijsadministratie
The process by which an organization's cost is collected, assigned, and interpreted
Krediet (handelsvoorwaarden)
The supplier agrees to allow the customer to make payment some time after the delivery of the goods or services. Typical trader credit periods range from 30 to 60 days but each agreement is different.
Liquide middelen
Items acceptable to a bank for deposit and free from restrictions for satisfying current debts; includes coins, currency, bank deposits, etc.
Opgevraagd (aandelenkapitaal)
The company has called upon the shareholders who first bought the shares, to pay for their shares.
Productiekosten
Similar to cost of goods sold and used mostly in academic accounts.
Productiekostenrapport
A report used in a process costing environment to tabulate the costs incurred within a particular stage/department
Rekeningschema
A listing of the accounts of an entity, along with any identification coding
Resultatenrekening op basis van dekkingsbijdrage
An internal report that identifies each segment's controllable elements; the contribution margin, controllable fixed costs, uncontrollable fixed co...
Samengestelde rente
Interest calculations that provide for periodic inclusion of accumulated interest into the base on which interest is calculated; "interest on the i..."
Tegenrekening activa
An account that is subtracted from a related account -- contra accounts have opposite debit/credit rules
Toegezegde vaste kosten
Costs that arise from an organization's commitment to engage in operations; unavoidable elements like depreciation, rent, insurance, property taxes
Totaalresultaat
Net income plus items of other totaalresultaat (e.g., market value adjustments of available for sale securities)
Vennootschap
A form of business organization where ownership is represented by divisible units called shares of stock
Vennootschapsbelasting
Paid by UK companies on their profits.
Vergelijkbaarheid
An enhancing quality of accounting such that even though different companies may use different accounting methods, there is still sufficient basis ...
Verkoop op krediet
A business entity sells goods or services and allows the customer to make payment at a later date.
Verkoopkosten
See 'cost of goods sold'.
Verplichtingen
Promises to engage in some future action; not necessarily creating a recordable accounting liability but potentially necessitating enhanced disclosure
Vlottende activa
An asset that is expected to be converted into cash within the trading cycle. Contrasting a Fixed asset that is held to use within the business long term.
Vlottende activa
Assets that will be converted into cash or consumed within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer
Voorwaardelijke verplichtingen
Events that may or may not give rise to an actual liability because the outcome is uncertain; examples include lawsuits, environmental damage issue...
Voorzichtigheid
A general principle of accounting measurement; when in doubt, understate assets and income and overstate liabilities
Wet op de ondernemingen
Legislation to control the activities and administration of limited liability companies.
Wijziging van schattingen
A revision of assumptions used in a related accounting calculation (e.g., change in estimated useful life of an asset); handled prospectively by re...
Zekerheid
Security, usually for a loan. It is effected by enabling the giver of the loan the right to seize the asset that is being used as zekerheid and sell it if the terms of their loan are not met.
Zekerheidsrecht op activa
Used when all or some of the assets of an organisation have been used as collateral to secure a transaction of some kind (usually the borrowing of large sums of money). The charge operates in a similar way to that used by mortgage companies as they retain an interest in your house and must be repaid first out of any sale monies you make.
D
Achterstallige dividenden
An omitted dividend on cumulative preferred stock that must eventually be paid before any monies can be distributed to common stockholders
Afschrijfbare basis
Cost minus salvage value; the amount of cost that will be allocated to the service life
Afschrijving
The process used to allocate the cost of a long-lived property to the accounting periods benefited
Beëindigde activiteiten
The special income statement reporting of the impact of disposing or abandoning of a component of a business
Betaalpas
Transactions are equivalent to an electronically generated check that results in an almost immediate withdrawal of funds.
Budget directe arbeid
A budget that details expected direct labor needs, along with the related costs of labor
Budget inkoop directe materialen
A budget that details expected direct material purchases, along with the related cash payments
Dashboard
Customized business software that delivers key real time business data in an easily monitored layout
Database
An information storehouse, usually electronic, that can be queried to extract data meeting certain parameters. Enables singular data entry and mult...
Debet
Entries in the debit column of a ledger account representing increases in assets or expenses, or decreases in liabilities or income.
Debet
The nature of an action to an account to indicate an increase (assets, expenses, and dividends) or decrease (liabilities, equity, and revenue); usu...
Debetnota
A purchaser-prepared document evidencing a return of merchandise to a seller
Debiteur
A person or firm that owes money to your business.
Debiteuren
The amount outstanding on customers' accounts.
Degressieve afschrijvingsmethode
An accelerated depreciation method by which a constant rate (that is a multiple of the straight-line rate) is multiplied by each period's beginning...
Derivaten
Investments accounted for a fair value that generally derive their value from some other item; examples include commodity futures, options, and so ...
Directe afboekingsmethode
A simple, non-GAAP, method that expenses uncollectible accounts only as they are determined to be uncollectible and are written off
Directe arbeid
Gross wages paid to those who physically and directly work on the goods being produced
Directe kosten
A cost easily traced to a specific job; generally direct material and direct labor
Directe materialen
The costs of all materials that are an integral part of a finished product and that have a physical presence that is readily traced to that finishe...
Directe methode
The preferred method for preparing the statement of cash flows; operating cash flows are presented according to their direct source (e.g., cash rec...
Directe methode/Toerekening servicekosten
An allocation process whereby service department costs are assigned directly to productive departments (compare to step method)
Directeur
A member of the board of directeurs who bears the responsibility of managing the company on behalf of the shareholders.
Directeur(en)
Person(s) appointed by shareholders of a limited liability company to manage the affairs of the company.
Disagio op obligaties
The difference between face value and issue price of a bond, where the issue price is less; causes the effective yield to be higher than that stated
Discretionaire vaste kosten
Fixed cost resulting from yearly spending decisions; proper planning can result in avoidance of these costs as necessary (e.g., advertising and tra...
Dividend
Money paid by a company from its profits to its shareholders.
Dividenden
Amounts paid from profits of a corporation to shareholders as a return on their investment in the stock of the entity
Dividendpercentage
Dividend per share divided by stock price; also called dividend yield
Dividenduitkeringsratio
Dividend per share divided by earnings per share
Dubbel-degressieve afschrijving
An accelerated depreciation method by which a constant rate (that is 200% of the straight-line rate) is multiplied by each period's beginning (cons...
Efficiency-afwijking directe arbeid
A variance comparing standard hours of direct labor to the actual hours worked; measured at the standard rate per hour [(standard hours - actual ho...
Gedecentraliseerde besluitvorming
A business style where top leaders concentrates on strategy, and leaves day-to-day operation and decision-making tasks to lower-level personnel
Niet-honoreren van een promesse
To fail to pay a note at maturity
Onderweg zijnde stortingen
Receipts entered on company records but not yet posted by the bank
Ongedekte obligatie
A bond that lacks specific collateral; payment is only assured by the general faith and creditworthiness of the issuer
Privéopnames
Cash taken for personal use, in sole trader or partnership businesses, treated as a reduction of ownership interest.
Tarief-afwijking directe arbeid
A variance that reveals the difference between the standard rate and actual rate for the actual labor hours worked [(standard rate - actual rate) X...
Toegezegd-bijdrageregeling
A type of pension plan where the benefits are based on amounts in trust for the benefit of the employee; employer contributions are usually a fixed...
Toegezegd-pensioenregeling
A type of pension plan where the benefits are a function of years of service, pay, and age; the ultimate employer cost is not known in advance
Uitgestelde belastingen
Income & expenditure may be recognised at different time for accounting and tax purposes. Deferred tax is a way to balance this timing difference in the accounts.
Uitputting
The process used to allocate the cost of a natural resource asset to the accounting periods benefited
Verwaterde winst per aandeel
An earnings per share number; adjusted to reflect the potential effect of dilutive securities
Verwaterende effecten
Options, warrants, convertible bonds, convertible stocks, and other items that have the potential to increase the number of shares outstanding
Vooruitontvangen opbrengsten
Income invoiced, or paid for, in advance of providing the service resulting in the income being deferred to a later accounting period, to when the service is provided.
Vraaginflatie
Occurs when demand is high, and suppliers increase prices until demand reduces.
E
EBIT
An analyst's calculation to reflect "earnings before interest and taxes"
EBITDA
An analyst's calculation to reflect "earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization"
Effectieve-rentemethode
A theoretically preferable method for amortizing premiums and discounts on bonds; interest expense is a constant percentage of the bonds ever-chang...
Eigen vermogen
Used by analysts to determine the financial health of a company. It also represents what would be left if all of a businesses' assets were liquidated and the debt paid off.
Enterprise Resource Planning-pakketten
(ERP) Comprehensive database software that tracks an almost endless array of business and accounting data
Entiteit-ondersteunende activiteit
Activities that relate to an entity's ability to operate; independent of business volume
Entiteit, entiteiten
Something that exists independently, such as a business which exists independently of the owner.
Entiteitsveronderstelling
Accounting information should be presented for circumscribed distinct economic units
Equivalente eenheden
A measure of physical units expressed in terms of finished units
ERP-systeem
A comprehensive software platform that integrates core business processes across an organization
Ex-dividend
The event (date) when a transfer of stock ownership between shareholders will occur without the right for the purchaser to receive any previously d...
Kosten
Generally the running costs of a business.
Kosten
The costs incurred in producing revenues
Last
A budgetary restriction occurring in advance of a related expenditure
Ruiltransactie
Trading one asset for another; to be booked at fair value if the transaction has commercial substance
Schaalvoordelen
Efficiencies associated with increases in volume
Verdienste
A phrase that is often interchangeable with profits.
Verdiensten
A concept that relates to income from continuing operations plus/minus discontinued operations
Vermogensmutatiemethode
Method to account for stock investment when significant influence is present; changes in equity of the investee are recognized by the investor on a...
Werknemer
A person who works for a specific business and whose activities are directed by that business
Winst per aandeel
A measure of how much profit a company is making for its shareholders.
Winst per aandeel
EPS; generally understood as the amount of income for each share of stock, but is actually better refined as basic and diluted EPS (see those defin...
F
Afwijking vast overhead volume
A fixed overhead variance that compares the budgeted fixed overhead to the fixed overhead that is applied to production based on standard fixed ove...
Afwijking vaste overheaduitgaven
A fixed overhead variance that compares actual fixed overhead to the budgeted fixed overhead
Boekjaar
A one-year accounting period that does not correspond to a calendar year
F.O.B. bestemming
Free on Board destination; meaning the transfer of ownership of inventory will occur when the goods reach their destination and the seller will inc...
F.O.B. verzendpunt
Free on Board shipping point; meaning the transfer of ownership of inventory will occur when the goods are shipped and the purchaser will incur the...
FICA
Federal Insurance Contributions Act (also known as social security and Medicare); establishes a tax that employers must withhold and match for gove...
FIFO-methode
FIFO; An inventory cost flow assumption based on the notion that the earliest costs are to be assigned to units sold
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
An organization charged with producing standards for financial reporting in the USA
Financieel management
Planning, analysing, monitoring, organising, reviewing, and controlling a company's finances.
Financiële boekhouding
An area of accounting that deals with external reporting to parties outside the firm; usually based on standardized rules and procedures
Financiële lease
A lease that effectively transfers the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee
Financiële overzichten
Core financial reports that are prepared to represent the financial position and results of operations of a company
Financieringsactiviteiten
A cash flow category; including receipts from stock issues, bonds, notes and loans, -- and payments for loan repayment, acquisitions of treasury st...
Flexibel budget
A budget that covers a range of potential outcomes by relating expense levels to the potential revenues
Form 1099
A form required to be issued to an independent contractor reporting amounts paid; to assist with tax compliance issues (this form used to report ot...
FUTA
Federal Unemployment Tax levied on employer to provide funds for unemployed workers; rate is dependent on existence of SUTA and employer history of...
Gereed product
Finished goods represent the cost of completed products awaiting sale to a customer
Getrouwe weergave
A fundamental quality of accounting such that information must be truthful; complete, neutral, and free from error
Productie-overheadbudget
A budget that details the anticipated factory overhead, including calculations related to the allocation of such amounts
Prognose
Prognose estimate of future performance and position based on stated assumptions and usually including a quantified amount.
Toekomstige waarde
Or "compound interest;" amount that a current payment (or stream of payments) will grow in time; includes interest on previous interest based on fr...
Vast actief
An asset that is held by an enterprise for use in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes on a continuing basis in the reporting entity's activities. Examples are equipment, vehicles, land and buildings.
Vaste activa
Assets that you intend to keep for longer than twelve months.
Vaste kosten
Costs that vary over time rather than in proportion to throughput, e.g. Rent of premises, salaries etc.
Vaste kosten
A total cost that is the same regardless of volume; total cost is constant and per unit cost decreases with volume increases
Volledige openbaarmakingsprincipe
All relevant facts that would influence investors' and creditors' judgments about the company are disclosed in the financial statements or related ...
Waardering tegen reële waarde
Sometimes called "mark-to-market;" to record an investment at its fair value and recognize changes in value as they occur
G
Beschikbare goederen voor verkoop
A calculated amount corresponding to the beginning inventory plus net purchases; represents the total pool of inventory available during a period f...
Bruto
The total amount of money a company has earned in a period of time before deductions such as taxes.
Brutoloon
Also known as gross earnings; this it is the total amount earned by an employee before any deductions
Brutomethode
A method of recording purchases of inventory at invoice price
Brutowinst
A calculated amount corresponding to net sales minus cost of goods sold
Brutowinst (of marge)
Sales minus cost of sales before deducting administration and selling expenses (see also gross margin).
Brutowinst methode
A technique that purports to estimate inventory and cost of goods sold by applying historic percentage relationships to observable sales information
Continuïteitsbasis
Financial statements are prepared on this basis assuming that the business will continue operating into the foreseeable future.
Continuïteitsveronderstelling
In the absence of evidence to the contrary, accountants assume that a business will continue to operate well into the future
GAAP
Generally accepted accounting principles -- encompass the rules, practices, and procedures that define the proper execution of accounting
Goederen in transit
Goods in the process of being transported to the buyer; ownership is based on freight terms
Goodwill
The excess of the purchase price of an acquired company over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired
Grootboek
A record of the accounts comprising financial statements, and their respective balances
Hefboomwerking
The proportion of borrowings to total financing (i.e. shareholders' funds plus total borrowing).
H
Historische kostprijs principe
The concept that many transactions and events are to be measured and reported at acquisition cost
Hoog-laag methode
A simple means for separating costs into fixed and variable components, based upon the difference between costs at the highest and lowest observed ...
Tot einde looptijd aangehouden beleggingen
Investments purchased with intent to hold to maturity; usually investment in debt; accounted for by amortized cost method
I
Beursintroductie
The first time stock in a corporation is offered to the investing public; registration and other requirements must be met; proceeds may flow to the...
Bijzondere waardevermindering
When the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable from its future cash flow
Deelneming
The company in which another has an investment
Factoringovereenkomst
When a business sells its invoices to a third party, which will then add their own fee to the charges and seek the money from the debtor.
Factuur
A document from supplier to buyer summarising goods or services supplied and the price payable.
Factuurprijs
List price less any trade discounts
Ideale normen
A standard that could only be achieved under perfect operating conditions; such standards are rarely expected to be achieved
Immaterieel actief
Long-term asset that lacks physical existence; contract rights, copyrights, patents, trademarks, etc.
Immaterieel vast actief
An asset, such as a right, that cannot be touched (e.g. a trademark or Goodwill).
In voorraad opneembare kosten
Product costs that attach to inventory
Incrementele budgettering
A budgeting approach where the prior year experience sets a base line for a new budget; changes are made based on new information but the base need...
Indirecte kosten
A cost not easily traced to a specific job; generally categorized as factory or manufacturing overhead
Indirecte methode
An alternative method for preparing the statement of cash flows; operating cash flows are presented as a reconciliation of income to cash from oper...
Inflatie
A percentage figure that represents how much prices of goods and services increased over a specific period.
Insolventie
When a company becomes unable to pay off its creditors, or its liabilities exceed its assets.
Institute of Management Accountants (IMA)
(IMA) a professional association for management accountants that sponsors the CMA and CFM designations
Integratie
Connecting different software systems to work together seamlessly
International Accounting Standards Board
An organization charged with producing accounting standards with global acceptance
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
The specific accounting rules developed by the International Accounting Standards Board
Interne auditor
A person within an organization who reviews and monitors the controls, procedures, and information of the organization
Interne-opbrengstvoet
Also known as time-adjusted rate of return or IRR; discount rate causing present value of cash inflows to equal present value of the cash outflows
Intraperiode belastingallocatie
Separately reported items like discontinued operations, prior period adjustments, and other comprehensive income, are to reported net of their spec...
Investeringsactiviteiten
A cash flow category; including receipts from disposal of investments and long-term assets -- and payments to acquire long-term assets and investments
Investeringscentrum
A evaluative unit where managers are accountable for cost and profit outcomes, including consideration of the amount of capital that is deployed to...
Rente
The charge imposed on the borrower of funds for the use of money
Resultatenrekening samenvatting
A non-financial statement account used only to facilitate the closing process by summarizing and zeroing-out the revenue and expense accounts
Uitgifteprijs
The amount a company receives in exchange for the initial issue of debt or other financial instrument
Voorraad
Goods held for resale to others
Winst-en-verliesrekening
A financial statement that summarizes the revenues, expenses, and results of operations for a specified period of time
Winstbelasting
Taxes that are based on the amount income; for employees such amounts must be withheld by employers and remitted to the government
Zelfstandige contractant
One who performs a designated task or service for a company, and the company has the right to control or direct only the result of the work done
J
Journaal
A chronological listing of the transactions and events of an organization, in debit/credit format
Journaalposten maken
The process of recording transactions and events into the journal
Junk bond
A bond that is issued by a company of low credit worthiness, and entails substantial risk of nonpayment; generally offers a high interest rate to c...
Just-in-time voorraad
Raw materials are received from supplies just as they are needed in the production process
Orderkosten methode
A costing approach whereby actual labor and material is tracked for each job or product
Orderkosten overzicht
A document representing a compilation of cost data for a specific job
K
Belangrijkste prestatie-indicator (KPI)
Measurable values that show how effectively a company achieves objectives
Kaizen
Japanese term used to describe a blitz like approach to study processes and install efficiency within an organization
Kanban
Japanese term which means some form of signal that a particular inventory is ready for replenishment
L
Beperkte aansprakelijkheid
Most commonly used to describe the limit of liability of a shareholder (member) to contribute to the assets of a company if it goes into liquidation.
Besloten vennootschap (BV)
Company where the liability of the owners is limited to the amount of capital they have agreed to contribute.
Catalogusprijs
An established price determined by reference to a catalog or general price list; before any discounts
Grondverbeteringen
Includes the cost of parking lots, sidewalks, landscaping, irrigation systems, and similar expenditures that are incurred to better land
Lagere waarde van kostprijs of netto-opbrengstwaarde
To report inventory at the lower of its cost or net realizable value
Langlopende beleggingen
Investments made for long-term holding purposes; including land for speculation, securities of other companies, etc.
Langlopende verplichtingen
Any obligation that is not current, and include bank loans, mortgage notes, and the like
Lean manufacturing
Indicative of an environment where waste has been trimmed; entails a focus on standardization, speed, and quality, without compromising responsiven...
Lease/Lessee en Lessor
Periodic payment from the user (lessee) of an asset to an owner (lessor) of the asset
Leasing
Acquiring the use of an asset through a rental agreement.
Lessee
Periodic payment from the user (lessee) of an asset to an owner (lessor) of the asset
Lessor
Periodic payment from the user (lessee) of an asset to an owner (lessor) of the asset
LIFO-methode
LIFO; An inventory cost flow assumption based on the notion that the most recent costs are to be assigned to units sold
Liquide middelen
An asset that can be easily converted into cash.
Liquiditeit
The ability of a firm to meet its near-term obligations as they come due
Totaalprijs aankoop
A single price paid for a package of assets; the purchase price must be allocated to each of the components
Verplichtingen
Amounts owed by an entity to others
Wettelijk kapitaal
Usually the par value of the stock of a corporation
M
Afloswaarde
The amount due at maturity of a note; includes principal and interest
Gemengde kosten
A cost that has both fixed and variable components
Gewijzigde kasstelsel
Like the cash basis, except that certain large expenditures for durable assets may be recorded as assets initially
Hoofdbudget
Also known as the comprehensive budget; an integrated set of articulated budgets relating to numerous operational subcomponents (labor, material, o...
Kleinste-kwadratenmethode
A complex means for separating costs into fixed and variable components, based upon minimizing the variances between all observations and the resul...
Machine-naar-machine
(M2M) enables connected devices to communicate with each other
Management accounting
An area of accounting concerned with reporting results to managers and others who are internal to an organization
Management buy-out (MBO)
The management of a company buy that company, or part of it, from its owners.
Management by exception
A management focus of attention on areas where corrective measures appear necessary
Marge
The amount of money a company makes, expressed as a percentage. For example, a gross profit of £1m on sales of £10m is a 10% profit marge.
Marktkapitalisatie
The stock-market value of a company. It is calculated by multiplying the total number of issued ordinary shares by today's price per share as quoted on the stock market.
Marktniveau activiteit
Activities that relate to the number of markets in which an entity operates; independent of the number of products, customers, etc.
Matchingprincipe
To associate expenses with revenues, and record them in simultaneous accounting periods
Materiaalhoeveelheidsafwijking
A variance comparing standard quantity to actual quantity of materials; variation is measured at the standard price per unit [(standard quantity - ...
Materiaalopvraagformulier
Form showing what material has been removed from the raw materials stock and put into production
Materiaalprijsafwijking
A variance that reveals the difference between standard price for materials purchased and amounts actually paid for those materials [(standard pric...
Materialiteit
A matter of accounting judgment; when amounts involved are slight, expediency may dictate waiving the technically correct alternative in lieu of a ...
Memorandum
Document setting out main objects of the company and its powers to act.
Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
A "depreciation" approach common to the tax code; generally permits more rapid "recovery" of asset cost than GAAP approaches; MACRS - pronounced "m..."
Monetaire eenheidsveronderstelling
Accounting measures transactions and events in units of money, in contrast to some other unit of measure (e.g., acres of land)
Productie-overheadkosten
All costs of manufacturing other than direct materials and direct labor (also called factory overhead)
Trekker
The party creating the note and agreeing to make payment
Vervaldatum
The date on which a note and related interest are due to be paid
Voortschrijdende gemiddelde methode
Under the perpetual inventory system; to recompute running average cost with each purchase transaction
Winst-en-verliesrekening in meerdere stappen
A complex income statement with sections that segregate cost of goods sold calculations and other components of income and expense; enables enhance...
N
Natuurlijk boekjaar
Applicable to certain businesses that have a seasonal business pattern, and an attempt is made to establish an accounting fiscal year to match
Natuurlijke hulpbronnen
Oil and gas reserves, mineral deposits, thermal energy sources, and standing timber are just a few examples of such assets that a firm may own
Negatief eigen vermogen
When the value of an asset is less than what you initially paid.
Netto
The amount of profit left after deductions such as tax have been made.
Netto boekwaarde
Costs of non-current (fixed)( asset minus accumulated depreciation.
Netto contante waarde
Or NPV, a method of evaluating capital projects that uses a predetermined interest rate to determine the present value of an investment's net cash ...
Netto-activa
Assets minus liabilities (equals ownership interest).
Netto-methode
A method of recording purchases of inventory at invoice price less available cash discounts
Netto-opbrengstwaarde
(inventory) Estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation
Netto-opbrengstwaarde (vorderingen)
The amount of cash expected to be collected on outstanding accounts receivable; accounts receivable minus the allowance for uncollectibles
Nettoloon
Also known as net earnings; this is the gross pay less all applicable deductions ("take home pay")
Nettoverlies
The excess of expenses over revenues for a designated period of time
Nettowinst
Sales minus cost of sales minus all administrative and selling costs.
Nettowinst
Income from continuing operations plus/minus discontinued operations, but before items of “other comprehensive income”
Niet-aflosbare obligatie
A bond that cannot be paid off before scheduled maturity
Niet-handelsvorderingen
Amounts due from transactions and events not directly related to sales of products or services
Niet-terugbetaalbare obligatie
A bond that cannot be paid off with the proceeds of a new debt issue
Nominale rekeningen
Accounts that will be reset to a zero balance with each new accounting period; revenue, expense, and dividend accounts (also called "temporary" acc...
Nominale rentevoet
An interest rate that isn't adjusted for inflation.
Nominale waarde (van een aandeel)
The amount stated on the face of a share certificate as the named value of the share when issued.
Ongedekte cheque
Non-sufficient funds check; a customer check returned for lack of funds (a "hot check")
Te betalen promessen
Formal short-term borrowings usually evidenced by a specific written promise to pay
Te ontvangen promessen
A written promise from a client or customer to pay a definite amount of money on a specific future date
O
Bedrijfskosten
General expense category for selling and administrative costs
Bedrijfsresultaat
The profit or loss a company makes, which reflects how a business is performing.
Gewone aandelen
Shares in a company which entitle the holder to a share of the dividend declared and a share in net assets on closing down the business.
Gewone annuïteit
Also known as an annuity in arrears; involves a level stream of payments, with the payments being made at the end of each time period
Inbreng door eigenaren
Resources provided to an organization by a person in exchange for a position of ownership in the organization
Operationele activiteiten
A cash flow category; generally related to transactions that enter into the determination of income -- items that are not investing or financing
Operationele cyclus
The period of time it takes to convert cash back into cash (i.e., purchase inventory, sell the inventory on account, and collect the receivable)
Operationele leases
A lease where the lessee makes periodic payments for periodic use of an asset, but does not assume the ultimate risks and rewards of owning the asset
Operationele uitgaven (OPEX)
On-going costs for running a business, service or system that includes day-to-day expenditure.
Opportuniteitskosten
The cost of a foregone alternative; may include lost revenue
Outsourcing
Utilization of independent parties to manufacture products (sometimes known as make-or-buy) or manage data processing, tech support, payroll servic...
Overheadkosten
Costs that do not change regardless of the level of production and are not typically involved with the cost of production, such as rent.
Overig totaalresultaat
An account for changes in value of available for sale securities; not part of net income but is included in the broader concept of total comprehens...
Overige activa
The category of a classified balance sheet for reporting assets that are not logically attached to one of the other specific sections
Te veel toegerekende overheadkosten
Applied overhead exceeds the actual amount; usually viewed as a favorable outcome, because less has spent than anticipated for the level of achieve...
Toewijzingspercentage overheadkosten
A rate used to apply manufacturing overhead to output; estimated factory overhead for a period divided by the estimated application base
Uitstaande cheques
Checks entered on company records but not yet cleared by the bank
P
Aanpassing voorgaande periode
To correct errors from prior years; prior financial statements are retroactively changed to make them correct
Agio
The amount by which a stock's issue price exceeds its par value; also referred to as "additional paid-in capital"
Agio op obligaties
The difference between face value and issue price of a bond, where the issue price is more; causes the effective yield to be lower than that stated
Begunstigde
The party to whom a note is made payable
Boeking
The process of transferring journal entry effects into the respective general ledger accounts
Contante waarde
Also known as discounting; determines the current worth of cash to be received in the future
EBIT
Profit before interest and tax.
Fysieke voorraadopname
The process of counting inventory actually on hand
Hoofdsom
The basic stated amount of a note on which interest is usually calculated; generally relating to the amount borrowed
Inkoopkortingen
A cash discount available on purchases of merchandise on account; encourages prompt payment
Kasbewijs
A detailed bank reconciliation that verifies not only beginning and end balances, but also validates deposits and withdrawals during the month
Kleine kas
A fund established for making small payments that are impractical to pay by check; also known as imprest cash fund
Koers-winstverhouding
The per share market value of a stock divided by its earnings per share
Materiële vaste activa
Assets with long lives that will be used in an entity's production processes; land, buildings, and equipment
Nominale waarde
Par value is a technical provision establishing the “legal capital” of the firm and is frequently associated with common and preferred stock to sat...
Nominale waarde van obligaties
The face or contract amount of a bond; the amount to be repaid at maturity along with any interest
Op beginselen gebaseerd
The idea that accounting standards should articulate broad-based principles rather than specific and detailed rules
Openbare boekhouding
Accounting activities provided by a person to the general public, typically relating to audit, tax and similar services
Patent
An official legal document stating that a company has the sole right to make, use, or sell a particular invention.
PAYE (Pay As You Earn)
Stands for Pay As You Earn. A method of collecting income tax on behalf of the Government by taking it directly from your employees' wages.
PCAOB
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board -- a private-sector, non-profit corporation charged with overseeing the auditors of public companies
Pensioenregeling
A general term to describe some form of arrangement for continuing payments to retirees
Periodekosten
A cost not attributable to the acquisition or manufacture of inventory; expensed as incurred
Periodiciteitsveronderstelling
An accounting assumption that purports to divide a continuous business process into measurement intervals, such as months, quarters, and years
Periodiek voorraadsysteem
An inventory system that utilizes a Purchases account and does not update inventory with each sale; inventory is updated by physical count at the e...
Permanent voorraadsysteem
A "real-time" inventory system that updates inventory records with each purchase and sale
Personenvennootschap
A non-corporation representing an association of two or more persons organized to carry out a business plan for a profit motive
Preferente aandelen
A class of stock that generally benefits from a stipulated periodic dividend and priority in liquidation; but, usually lacking in upside participat...
Prijselasticiteit van de vraag
The degree to which demand for products or services changes due to changes in price.
Primaire kosten
Product costs that are direct in nature; direct materials and direct labor
Pro forma financiële overzichten
"As if" budgeted financial statements
Proceskostencalculatie
Process costing is a method to allocate the total costs of production to homogenous units produced via a continuous process that usually involves m...
Proceskosteningmethoden
A product costing method particularly well suited to situations where production occurs in a continuous process; costs are pooled and assigned to a...
Productactiviteit
Activities that relate to the number of products produced; independent of the number of units produced
Productiebegroting
A budget that details planned levels of production; takes into account sales and inventory build/decline
Productkosten
Costs that attach to a product; the summation of direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead
Proefbalans na afsluiting
Reveals the balance of accounts after the closing process, and consists of balance sheet accounts only
Prospectus
The documentation describing financial and business aspects of an initial public offering
Terugverdientijd-methode
Easy method for evaluating capital projects; calculated by dividing the initial investment by the annual cash inflow
Voorkeursrecht
A right that may or may not be provided to shareholders enabling them with a first right of refusal to buy any additional shares offered by a corpo...
Vooruitbetaalde kosten
Goods or services purchased in advance of their consumption
Vooruitbetaling
An amount paid for in advance for and benefit to the business, such as insurance premiums or rent in advance. Initially recognised as an asset, then transferred to expense in the period when the benefit is enjoyed. (Also called a prepaid expense).
Voorziening
A liability of uncertain timing or amount.
Voorziening dubieuze debiteuren
An estimate of the risk of not collecting full payment from credit customers, reported as a deduction from trade receivable (debtors) in the balance sheet.
Winst
Calculated as revenue (income) minus expenses.
Winst- en verliesrekening
A financial statement that shows the income and outgoings of a company over a certain period of time showing the net profit or loss for that time.
Winstcentrum
Business unit that has control over both costs and revenues and is therefore evaluated on the profit outcomes
R
Bedrijfsuitgaven
Not a capital expenditure; to be expensed as incurred
Detailhandel voorraadmethode
An inventory costing technique used by retailers that extrapolates inventory values by applying cost-to-retail percentages to known sales and purch...
Geregistreerde obligatie
A bond for which ownership records are maintained, and interest is paid to the registered owner
Grondstoffen
The components that will be used in manufacturing units that are not yet started -- also known as direct materials
Handelsregister
An official authorised by the government to maintain a record of all annual reports and other documents issued by a company.
Herformulering
The financial statements of prior periods are redone to reflect the correct amounts
Herwaardering
Uses a variety of exchange rates to convert assets and liabilities of a foreign affiliate to the reporting currency; adjustment may impact operatin...
Ingehouden winsten
The excess of a corporation's income over its dividends
Middel
The elements consumed by activities and cost objects
Middelenfactor
The concept that activities create the need for resources which will be consumed in the production process
Omzet
Inflows and other benefits received in exchange for the providing of goods and services
Op regels gebaseerd
The idea that accounting standards must be very specific to provide adequate guidance and drive consistency in reporting
Opbrengstverantwoording
The point at which revenue is recognized in the accounting records; ordinarily the point of sale
Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) Micro processes embedded in inventory that emit radio frequency signals that enable a computer to automatically track inventory
Reële rekeningen
Asset, liability, and equity accounts; balances are carried forward from the end of one period into the beginning of the next period
Reële rente
The rate of interest minus the current rate of inflation.
Relevant bereik
The level of activity for which assumptions underlying CVP are expected to hold true
Relevante kosten
Items where future costs and revenues are expected to differ for the alternative decisions under consideration
Relevantie
A fundamental quality of accounting such that information should be timely and bear on the decision-making process by possessing predictive or conf...
Rendement op activa
A ratio comparing income (net income plus interest) to the average total assets
Rendement op eigen vermogen
A ratio comparing income (net income minus preferred dividends) to the average total equity
Rendement op geïnvesteerd vermogen
This ratio is arguably the most vital for the control of performance in large, delegated, businesses. It is made up from the comparison of the PBIT and the capital employed in the business.
Reserves
The claim which owners have on the assets of a company because the company has created new wealth for them over the period since it began. Most common example is retained earnings.
Residueel inkomen
An internal assessment technique that adjusts income for a presumed cost of capital (or other threshold rate of return); operating income - (operat...
Restwaarde
Amount expected be realized at the end of an asset's service life; "salvage value"
Retrospectieve aanpassing
Revision of the financial statements for prior periods to reflect the application of a current change in accounting method
Return on Investment
ROI: A model consisting of a margin component (Operating Income/Sales) and turnover component (Sales/Average Assets); reduces to Operating Income/A...
Return on Investment (ROI)
The earning power of an asset or activity measured as a ratio of the net income of the activity to the operational cost. ROI lets a company know whether an activity is profitable enough to continue.
ROI (Return on Investment)
A measure of the profitability of an investment relative to its cost
Terugboekingsboeking
Optional accounting procedure which may prove useful in simplifying record keeping; a journal entry to "undo" an adjusting entry
Verantwoordelijkheidscentrum
The part of an organization under the control of a manager
Vervanging
A restoration of an asset, at least partially, to its original condition; such costs may be capitalized by reducing accumulated depreciation
S
Aandeel
Transferable units of ownership in a corporation
Aandeelhouders
Owners of a limited liability company.
Aandelenbewijs
A document providing evidence of share ownership.
Aandelenkapitaal
Name given to the total amount of cash which the shareholders have contributed to the company.
Aandelensplitsing
A corporate action to increase the number of shares and reduce the par per share by a stipulated ratio (e.g., 2 for 1)
Agio
The price paid for shares in a company over and above their nominal value.
Balanced Scorecard
A system for evaluating elements that are important to the organization and under the control of an employee holding that position
Belanghebbenden
A general term devised to indicate all those who might have a legitimate interest in receiving financial information about a business because they have a 'stake' in it.
Brondocument
A document evidencing a transaction or event and potentially providing for the initiation of a journal entry
Duurzaamheid
Development without depletion of natural resources or negative effects on the environment
Eenmanszaak
A non-corporation business owned by a sole individual
Effect
Typically required by lenders against a loan, such as premises or plant equipment.
Effecten
Government bonds, ordinary shares in companies, debentures, loans, preference shares, etc. are all collectively described as effecten.
Enkelvoudige rente
Interest calculations that do not provide for periodic inclusion of accumulated interest into the base on which interest is calculated
Enkelvoudige winst- en verliesrekening
A simple income statement with a section for all revenues and another for all expenses; there is no direct association between specific revenue and...
Gebruiksduur
The period of time that a depreciable asset will be in use by an entity; the time interval over which the asset will be depreciated
Gedekte lening
Loan where the lender has taken a special claim on particular assets or revenues of the company to give extra protection in the event of the loan remaining unpaid.
Gedekte obligatie
A bond that provides specific assets as collateral to help assure the payment stream
Invloed van betekenis
The ability to sway management and decision making of another entity, but generally not enough to assert absolute control
Kasstroomoverzicht
A financial statement that summarizes the cash flows relating to operating, investing, financing, and noncash investing/financing activities of an ...
KMO
Small or Medium Sized Enterprises. A business is deemed an SME if it meets two of three criteria: it has a turnover of £25m or less, it employs fewer than 250 people, and it has gross assets of less than £12.5m.
Lineaire afschrijving
A simple depreciation method by which the depreciable base is spread uniformly over the service life
Lineaire methode
A method for amortizing premiums and discounts on bonds; the premium or discount is spread uniformly over the life of the bond as an adjustment of ...
Mutatieoverzicht ingehouden winsten
A financial statement that discloses changes in retained earnings during a designated period of time; those changes usually attributable to income ...
Normen
Benchmarks against which actual productive activity is compared
Obligatie met aflossingsfonds
A bond issue that requires periodic setting aside of monies into a separate fund to provide for eventual repayment of the debt at maturity
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
"SOX" -- Legislation that imposes stringent controls over reporting and auditing; created the Public Accounting Oversight Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
"SEC" -- regulatory body with which public companies must file and report
Segment
A business unit for which separate financial information is evaluated by an operating decision maker who allocates resources and judges performance...
Serieobligatie
A bond issue that has multiple repayment dates, rather than the entire issue maturing at one fixed maturity date
Six Sigma
A trademarked quality management system developed by Motorola; driven by pursuit of statistical results that reflect near perfection in production ...
Speciale order
A customer order that is outside of the normal pricing and terms
Specifieke identificatiemethode
Inventory costing method where the actual cost of each unit of merchandise is tracked and used for accounting purposes
Spreidingsdiagram
A simplistic mapping of observed data points, where a line is "visually" drawn to represent the estimated cost function
Stabiele muntveronderstelling
An accounting assumption that presumes the currency is not impacted over time by inflation
Standaardkosten
A measure of what costs should be incurred to achieve the observed output
Statische begroting
A budget that does not anticipate alternative outcomes; estimated sales and expenses are fixed and establish the relevant benchmarks
Stockdividend
A noncash corporate activity to provide shareholders with additional shares in proportion to existing ownership; makes for more shares outstanding,...
Subrekening
A subcomponent account record providing individual balance details; e.g., the record for one customer out of a group of customers comprising all ac...
SUTA
State Unemployment Tax levied on employer to provide funds for unemployed workers; rate is adjusted for employer history of layoffs, etc.
Trapkosten
A cost function that is fixed over a range, and then increases by a measured step to a new level at the next higher increment of activity
Trapsgewijze toewijzingsmethode
An allocation process whereby some service department costs may be assigned to other service departments as part of a sequential methodology
Verkoop- en beheerkosten
Selling, general, and administrative costs; the period costs of the business
Verkoop- en beheerkostenbegroting
A budget that details anticipated selling, general, and administrative costs
Verkoopbegroting
A budget that details anticipated sales levels
Verkoopkortingen
A cash discount offered to customers to encourage prompt payment of invoices
Verzonken kosten
Historical amount expended on a project or object; not relevant to current decisions or future actions
Zelfstandig ondernemer
An individual owning and operating a business alone.
T
Eigen aandelen
Shares of a company's own stock that it has reacquired
Handelscrediteuren
Persons or businesses who supply goods or services to a business in the normal course of trade and allow a period of credit before payment must be made.
Handelsdebiteuren
Persons or businesses who buy goods or services from a business in the normal course of trade are allowed a period of credit before payment is due.
Handelsdebiteuren
Amounts due from customers from credits sales of products or services
Handelseffecten
Investments in debt acquired with the intent of generating profits by reselling the investment in the very near future; classified as current assets
Handelskorting
A reduction from list price that is not entered in the accounting records; customarily offered in "setting" the invoice amount
Materiële vaste activa
A fixed asset (also called a non-current asset) which has a physical existence. Used to differentiate it from an Intangible fixed asset.
Omrekening
Uses prevailing exchange rates to convert assets and liabilities of a foreign affiliate to the reporting currency; adjustment may impact other comp...
Omzet
The total sales of a business during a specified period.
Proefbalans
A listing of account balances from the ledger, used to test the equality of debits and credits
Streefinkomen
A level of income that is to be obtained; CVP projects activity levels necessary to achieve this benchmark
T-rekening
An abstract representation of an account, with the left side of the "T" representing debits and the right side credits
Theory of Constraints
(TOC) Efficiency is improved by seeking out and eliminating constraints within the organization
Tijdelijke rekeningen
Accounts that will be reset to a zero balance with each new accounting period; revenue, expense, and dividend accounts (also called "nominal" accou...
Tijdigheid
An enhancing quality of accounting such that information is available in sufficient time to be capable of influence
Tijdswaarde van geld
Conceptual notion holding that money to be received sooner is worth more than money to be received later
Totaal gestort kapitaal
The sum of legal capital plus paid-in capital in excess of par
Total Quality Management
(TQM) A process for continuous improvement by focusing on customer service and systematic problem solving via teams made up of front-line employees
Traceerbare vaste kosten
Fixed costs that would not exist if the unit under evaluation ceased to exist
Van boven opgelegde begroting
A budget approach where upper level management establishes parameters under which the budget is to be prepared
Verrekenprijzen
The system of setting prices at which goods are exchanged between affiliated units; usually involving cross-border transactions
U
Afschrijving naar productie-eenheden
A depreciation approach where the depreciable base is allocated to the expected total units of output; mileage, hours, etc.
Begrijpelijkheid
An enhancing quality of accounting such that information is clear and concise to those with reasonable business knowledge
Eenheidsactiviteit
Activities that relate to the number of units of output; each additional unit of production requires another activity
Te weinig toegerekende overheadkosten
Applied overhead is less than the actual amount; usually viewed as a unfavorable outcome, because more has spent than anticipated for the level of ...
Vooruitontvangen opbrengsten
Revenue that has been collected in advance of providing goods and services to "earn it;" reported as a liability until earned
V
Afwijkingen
Deviations from the norm that may provide warning signs of situations requiring corrective action by managers
Bestedingsverschil variabele overheadkosten
A variance that reflects the difference between actual variable overhead and standard variable overhead associated with the actual units of the app...
Controleerbaarheid
An enhancing quality of accounting such that different knowledgeable and independent observers reach similar conclusions
Durfkapitaal
Capital invested into projects with long term growth potential but also higher risks, such as start-up businesses.
Efficiëntieverschil variabele overheadkosten
A variance that reflects the level of efficiency associated with the application of variable overhead to production
Variabele kosten
Costs that vary in some kind of proportion to throughput (production), e.g. materials. Each same product takes the same amount of material, so there is a direct proportion between the number of products produced and the amount of material that was used.
Variabele kosten
A per unit cost that is the same regardless of volume; total variabele kosten increases with volume increases
Variabele kostprijscalculatie
A costing method where inventory absorbs direct costs and variable factory overhead; the income statement identifies the contribution margin
W
Arbeidsongevallenverzekering
Insurance paid by the employer to cover work related injuries sustained by employees
Garantieverplichting
A liability that is recorded for the future costs of claims that are anticipated because of product warranty agreements
Gewogen gemiddelde proceskostencalculatie
A process costing technique where all units of production are assigned the same cost; determined by blending of current period costs with beginning...
Gewogen gemiddelde voorraadmethode
Under the periodic inventory system; inventory cost is based on the average cost of units purchased giving consideration to the quantities purchase...
Onderhanden werk
As its name implies, it is the value of the products on which work has been started but is not yet complete.
Onderhanden werk
Goods that are in production but not yet complete; an accumulation of monies spent on direct material, direct labor, and applied manufacturing over...
W-2
An annual statement provided to employees stating the amount of earnings and withholdings; assists employee in preparing their own tax returns
W-4
A form filled out by an employee stating the amount of exemptions to which they are entitled for tax purposes; such exemptions bear on the amount o...
Werkkapitaal
The difference between current assets and current liabilities
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